While ethnic and neighborhood patterns continue to evolve, Main Street still strikes a dividing line through Buffalo, America's seventh-most segregated city. On the West Side, a recent influx of refugees from Asian and African nations is transforming the demographic, cultural, and spatial composition of neighborhoods once comprised of European and Latin American immigrants. On the East Side, comprised primarily of African American residents, poverty and land vacancy remain major concerns. The leadership of religious institutions and community organizations to improve quality of life in both areas reflects the collaborative perseverance of Buffalo's residents.